to decay and obtain the freedom of the glory of the children of God. (Rom. 8:19–21) While the identity of the one subjecting creation to futility is a matter of debate (likely God), what appears clearer in light of Paul’s argument in Romans is that the original source of creation’s subjection to futility is the sin of Adam. Paul explains in Romans 5 that it was through the sin of Adam that the “powers” of sin and death entered the world and subsequently took all of humanity captive, thereby accounting